Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) is a critical consideration for anyone buying property in the UK, and for expats, there are additional factors to be aware of. In recent years, the UK government introduced a stamp duty surcharge specifically targeting non-resident buyers. This blog will explore what the surcharge is, who it affects, and how expats can navigate these changes.

What is Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT)?

Stamp Duty Land Tax is a tax levied on property purchases in England and Northern Ireland. The amount payable depends on the property price, with different rates applied to different price bands. For example, as of 2024, the standard SDLT rates are as follows:

• Up to £250,000: 0%
• £250,001 to £925,000: 5%
• £925,001 to £1.5 million: 10%
• Over £1.5 million: 12%

Introduction of the Expat Surcharge

In April 2021, the UK government introduced an additional 2% surcharge on residential property purchases by non-UK residents. This measure aims to make housing more affordable for UK residents by curbing competition from overseas buyers.

Who is Considered a Non-Resident?

For SDLT purposes, a non-resident is someone who has not spent at least 183 days in the UK during any continuous 365-day period within two years of the property transaction date. This means many expats, even if they are UK nationals, may be subject to this surcharge if they primarily live and work abroad.

How Does the Surcharge Work?

The 2% surcharge is added on top of the standard SDLT rates. For instance, if an expat buys a property for £600,000, the SDLT calculation would be as follows:

Standard SDLT:

• First £250,000 at 0%: £0
• Next £350,000 at 5%: £17,500
• Expat Surcharge:
• Entire £600,000 at 2%: £12,000

Total SDLT payable: £29,500

Exceptions and Refunds

There are exceptions and circumstances where the surcharge might not apply, or refunds may be available. For instance:

1. Joint Purchases: If a property is purchased jointly by a resident and a non-resident, the surcharge generally applies to the entire purchase.
2. Refunds: If an expat buyer becomes a UK resident within 12 months following the purchase, they may be eligible for a refund of the surcharge.

Planning Ahead: Tips for Expats

1. Understand Your Residency Status: Before purchasing property, ascertain your residency status to determine if the surcharge will apply.
2. Consider Timing: If you plan to return to the UK, timing your purchase to coincide with your return could help avoid the surcharge.
3. Seek Professional Advice: SDLT rules can be complex. Consulting with a tax advisor or property specialist can provide clarity and potentially save money.

The Impact on Expat Buyers

The surcharge has significant implications for expats considering UK property investments. The additional cost may necessitate re-evaluating budgets or the timing of purchases. However, understanding these rules and planning accordingly can help mitigate the financial impact.